tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73610212151307841712024-03-21T06:18:29.779-07:00xgnlab Global Community of People and Entities Contributing for Next Generation Networks Ecosystems - 4G/5G. Any Member, individual or a company, here has no liability to others and even to xgnlab, vice a versa, it's a platform to showcase or share their work and knowledge only. Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.comBlogger122125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-80617796476571105912023-08-14T21:27:00.000-07:002023-08-14T21:28:17.231-07:00An Overview of the 3GPP Study on Artificial Intelligence for 5G New Radio<div dir="ltr">In this article, we address a critical gap within the existing literature by offering a dedicated treatment of the 3GPP Release-18 study on AI/ML for the NR air interface. This comprehensive contribution enriches the existing works which often confine their scopes to certain areas of the 3GPP study. Furthermore, we also divulge the myriad factors that underpin the process of standardization. Given that the integration of AI/ML within the air interface is a nascent and largely uncharted avenue in the realm of standards development, 3GPP has identified many new challenges and gained novel perspectives during this study. Conveying these learnings from the front lines of 3GPP helps demystify the decisions and is particularly valuable for researchers not directly involved in the 3GPP work. <div><br></div><div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>For More Insight Click <a href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2308/2308.05315.pdf">HERE</a><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-2265036121901724492023-08-12T04:25:00.000-07:002023-08-12T04:26:11.372-07:00Ericsson Green initiative for 5G roll outs, helping Vodafone UK.<div dir="ltr"><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 10px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><a href="https://www.vodafone.co.uk/newscentre/news/new-ericsson-antenna-helps-accelerate-vfuk-5g-rollout/" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:0px 0px;color:rgb(66,139,202);text-decoration-line:none"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;font-weight:700">Vodafone is rolling out Ericsson's new compact antenna</span> </a>to bring greater 5G capacity, coverage and performance to locations across the U.K. The Ericsson <span style="box-sizing:border-box;font-weight:700">AIR 3218</span> combines a radio unit and antenna in a single unit. It can also transmit mobile data over all of the frequencies that Vodafone currently uses in the U.K., without needing additional antenna units, as was the case for previous models.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 10px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px">The combined multiband, Massive MIMO design makes it easier for the operator to add more capacity to a mast without increasing its footprint. It's also easier to mount on rooftops, towers, walls and poles.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 10px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px">"5G is the UK's digital future, but we should never underestimate how difficult it is to deliver a future-proofed network at scale across the length and breadth of the UK. Working in partnership with Ericsson, we are constantly exploring new ways to accelerate this transformation, and this is another example of where innovation is delivered through collaboration," said Ker Anderson, head of Radio and Performance at Vodafone UK, in a <a href="https://www.vodafone.co.uk/newscentre/news/new-ericsson-antenna-helps-accelerate-vfuk-5g-rollout/" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:0px 0px;color:rgb(66,139,202);text-decoration-line:none">statement</a>.</p><div><br></div>for insight - <a href="https://techblog.comsoc.org/2023/07/19/ericssons-new-antenna-helps-accelerate-vodafone-5g-roll-out/">https://techblog.comsoc.org/2023/07/19/ericssons-new-antenna-helps-accelerate-vodafone-5g-roll-out/</a> <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-41058791682758131032023-02-08T22:02:00.001-08:002023-02-09T01:08:38.515-08:00What is Milimeter Wave Bands for Next Gen ( 5G and beyond) Wireless Systems<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail-row" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="gmail-col-xs-12" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; width: 650px;"><div aria-describedby="danger-description" aria-labelledby="danger-label" class="gmail-alert gmail-alert-block gmail-alert-danger gmail-messages error" role="alertdialog" style="background-color: #b75527; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(183, 85, 39); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 15px;"><div>mmmWAVE Bands For Next Gen (5G and Beyonds) Wireless Systems </div></div></div></div><div class="gmail-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; width: 650px;"><div class="gmail-row" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="gmail-ds-1col gmail-node gmail-node-research gmail-view-mode-full gmail-clearfix" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="gmail-field gmail-field-name-field-research-body gmail-field-type-text-with-summary gmail-field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="gmail-field-items" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="gmail-field-item even" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p class="gmail-rtejustify" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: justify;"><font face="arial" size="4" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Fifth Generation (5G) cellular systems are being designed to communicate over both sub-6 GHz bands (a.k.a. Frequency Range 1) as well as mmWave bands (a.k.a. Frequency Range 2). mmWave spectrum offers abundant bandwidth, which can be used to support multi-Gbps transmission speeds per user. Historically, mmWave bands have been used for fixed/mobile satellite services (FSS/MSS) and local multipoint distribution service (LMDS). Recently, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has opened up nearly 11 GHz of the mmWave spectrum for mobile broadband, aiming to support 5G cellular systems, wireless LANs (e.g., Wi-Gig), and others. The newly allocated bands include licensed bands at 24 GHz (24.25-24.45 GHz and 24.75-25.25 GHz), 28 GHz (27.5-28.35 GHz), 37 GHz (37-38.6 GHz), and 39 GHz (38.6-40 GHz), as well as a new unlicensed band at 64-71 GHz – see Figure 1. Combined with the previously introduced 57-64 GHz unlicensed band, this creates almost 18 GHz of new spectrum for next-generation wireless systems. The FCC is also planning to add 15.8 GHz more spectrum at 31.8-33.4 GHz, 42-42.5 GHz, 47.2-50.2 GHz, 71-76 GHz, and 81-86 GHz bands, along with spectrum above 95 GHz.</font></p><p class="gmail-rtejustify" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span><img height="94" src="https://wireless.ece.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/mmw_fig1.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; height: 399px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 550px;" width="200" /></p><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1: Licensed and unlicensed bands in the mmWave spectrum.</span></p><p class="gmail-rtejustify" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: justify;"><font face="arial" size="4" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Despite this abundant capacity, RF communications at mmWave frequencies can be quite challenging, due to high propagation losses, poor penetration, blockage, rain sensitivity, etc. At the same time, the smaller wavelengths make it possible to pack tens or even hundreds of antenna elements into a single device (mobile phone, Small base station, or access point). With proper processing of signals fed into these antennas, electronically steerable, highly directional transmissions can be performed. The severe signal attenuation can, thus, be compensated for by the resulting beamforming and spatial reuse gains.</font></p><p class="gmail-rtejustify" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: justify;"><font face="arial" size="4" style="box-sizing: border-box;">There are several ways to apply beamforming at mmWave frequencies. Fully digital beamforming relies on the availability of several RF chains. A particular precoding vector is multiplied by the modulated baseband signal of a given RF chain. Analog beamforming, on the other hand, can be performed with a single RF chain. It applies the beamforming weights in the RF domain by controlling phase shifters. Finally, in hybrid (analog/digital) beamforming, the signal processing is divided between the analog and digital domains, allowing comparable performance to digital beamforming but with fewer RF chains. The low power consumption of the analog beamforming makes it a desirable architecture, especially for the user equipment (UE).</font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">-- <br /></span><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><span face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont" style="color: #212121; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Saurabh Verma</span><div style="color: #212121;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Chief Tech Consultant & Founder</span></div><div style="color: #212121;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Fundarc Communication (xgnlab)</span></div><div style="color: #212121;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Noida, India - 201301</span></div><div style="color: #212121;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">M:+91-7838962939/9654235169</span></div><div style="color: #212121;"><a href="mailto:saurabhverma@xgnlab.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">saurabhverma@xgnlab.com</span></a></div><div style="color: #212121;"><a href="http://www.xgnlab.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">www.xgnlab.com</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-18774270572554888882023-02-08T19:29:00.000-08:002023-02-08T19:30:10.406-08:00What is CD-SSB in 5G NR?<div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div>To access an NR network, a UE needs to carry out initial access functionality which includes cell search and random access. To enable the UE to acquire DL time and frequency synchronization, an SS consisting of the primary SS (PSS) and the secondary SS (SSS) is periodically transmitted in the DL of each cell. After synchronization, the UE can decode the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) which carries the master information block (MIB) that the UE needs to decode in order to receive the remaining system information broadcast by the network. In NR, the PSS, SSS, and PBCH are jointly referred to as SS block (SSB) which occupies 20 resource blocks (RBs). After decoding the PBCH, the UE can move forward to decode the system information block type 1 (SIB1) which contains the system information that the UE needs to know before accessing the network. For example, SIB1 contains information about random access configuration that the UE needs in order to carry out random access procedure. Since the SSB has an associated SIB1 transmission, it is referred to as cell-defining SSB (CD-SSB). <br></div><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-49638086233319613992023-01-25T21:00:00.000-08:002023-01-25T21:01:07.766-08:00verizon pvt 5G strategy for industry 4.0<div dir="ltr"><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA7B9L79NL4udFkuViCgjo1j-gV3iOKpFNyP_Sb6KqNddY8wE0X_SP-OBOjpJTq8Pq-h4IAZwKmfYHnZYHUIZ7zbQ8YGCGhrWg3ZYGQJUaO6_f9dGocCED-WtOh7wzxzsUvdFdyFwjs9oyPmJNcGFje__5Sg89CuAkSEqI_eGTTWJH0Ghhzrwpeu82"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA7B9L79NL4udFkuViCgjo1j-gV3iOKpFNyP_Sb6KqNddY8wE0X_SP-OBOjpJTq8Pq-h4IAZwKmfYHnZYHUIZ7zbQ8YGCGhrWg3ZYGQJUaO6_f9dGocCED-WtOh7wzxzsUvdFdyFwjs9oyPmJNcGFje__5Sg89CuAkSEqI_eGTTWJH0Ghhzrwpeu82=s320" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_7192821540636069138" /></a><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana,BlinkMacSystemFont,-apple-system,"segoe ui",Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"open sans","helvetica neue",sans-serif;font-size:15px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana,BlinkMacSystemFont,-apple-system,"segoe ui",Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"open sans","helvetica neue",sans-serif;font-size:15px">Today Verizon Business announced its new private 5G network offering, On Site 5G, which is being marketed to large enterprises and public sector customers. When combined with related technologies like the internet of things, mobile edge computing, and machine learning/artificial intelligence, private 5G networks are being billed as part and parcel of powering broad enterprise digital transformation and enabling the Industry 4.0 era.</span><br></div><div><br></div>for more insight <div><a href="https://www.rcrwireless.com/20210610/5g/verizon-business-chief-revenue-officer-talks-private-5g-network-offering?utm_campaign=Enterprise%20IoT%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132955126&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_TIa1A5Rz-l2BtDzK41Mxc4-y7PaQG_YY8lFbU_vOQ6qnLS3nB-rynHdpPvdJLYcpVvJ0XM0lMdz0nRevso0bHzhSRJA&utm_content=132955126&utm_source=hs_email">https://www.rcrwireless.com/20210610/5g/verizon-business-chief-revenue-officer-talks-private-5g-network-offering?utm_campaign=Enterprise%20IoT%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132955126&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_TIa1A5Rz-l2BtDzK41Mxc4-y7PaQG_YY8lFbU_vOQ6qnLS3nB-rynHdpPvdJLYcpVvJ0XM0lMdz0nRevso0bHzhSRJA&utm_content=132955126&utm_source=hs_email</a></div><div><br></div><div><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Thanks & Warm Regards<div>Fundarc Communication (xgnlab)</div><div>SME-WG EU 5GPPP NetWorld2020</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-1935243588422873652022-12-22T00:03:00.000-08:002022-12-22T00:04:15.356-08:00CSI-RS Classification and Role - 5G NR<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:HuaweiSans,Arial,"Microsoft YaHei",宋体,Tahoma,Verdana,SimSun;font-size:16px">Channel-State Information -Reference Signal channel state information, is very important for improving the overall performance of the wireless system. After obtaining the CSI information, the base station can schedule MCS according to the channel quality, RB resource allocation, beam assignment to improve the rate, multi-user multiplexing MU MIMO, etc.</span><div><font color="#3a3a3a" face="HuaweiSans, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 宋体, Tahoma, Verdana, SimSun"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></div><div><font color="#3a3a3a" face="HuaweiSans, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 宋体, Tahoma, Verdana, SimSun"><span style="font-size:16px">Nice Article Here </span></font></div><div><a href="https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/introduction-to-5g-5g-nr-system-csi-rs-signal/thread/733957-100305">https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/introduction-to-5g-5g-nr-system-csi-rs-signal/thread/733957-100305</a><font color="#3a3a3a" face="HuaweiSans, Arial, Microsoft YaHei, 宋体, Tahoma, Verdana, SimSun"><span style="font-size:16px"><br clear="all"></span></font><div><br></div><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-37259545405443298722022-12-21T05:49:00.000-08:002022-12-21T05:50:02.394-08:005G- Beam forming, Beam Steering, and MIMO - simplified.<div dir="ltr"><br clear="all"><div><span style="color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Due to the high propagation loss of the </span><a href="https://www.metaswitch.com/blog/working-with-millimeter-waves-a-tale-of-5g-new-radio" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(175,93,0);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px">millimeter wavelengths (mmWaves)</a><span style="color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px"> employed in 5G new radio (5G NR) systems, plus the high bandwidth demands of users, beamforming techniques and massive </span><span style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) </span><span style="color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px">are critical for increasing spectral efficiencies and providing cost-effective, reliable coverage.</span><br></div><div><span style="color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(71,82,93);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Read in Full </span></div><a href="https://www.metaswitch.com/knowledge-center/reference/what-is-beamforming-beam-steering-and-beam-switching-with-massive-mimo">https://www.metaswitch.com/knowledge-center/reference/what-is-beamforming-beam-steering-and-beam-switching-with-massive-mimo</a><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-55157006804588092682020-06-27T06:46:00.001-07:002020-06-27T06:46:14.416-07:00WBA OpenRoaming - An ubiquitous WiFi experience across the world<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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What is OpenRoaming?</h2>
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At its core, OpenRoaming attempts to make moving around a wireless world a seamless experience. The standards body connects access providers, with identifying providers and service providers to build out their technology vision. As with all standards, there will be add-ons that provide additional value, at additional cost, which is a primary incentive for vendors to play. Cisco, for instance, will be offering DNA Spaces for OpenRoaming that includes user experience and analytics components.</div>
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OpenRoaming will require cross-industry adoption, migration away from all of the proprietary solutions. While it offers long-term benefits to the suppliers of WiFi who have to do the work of migration, the benefits really reside in the end-user value.</div>
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The benefits promised by OpenRoaming include:</div>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Higher quality of service</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No need to track or switch among SSIDs</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A single log-on experience</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Business incentives, primarily through simplicity, to adopters</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ease of regulatory compliance</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.85em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Passive authentication</li>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Kalimati, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Get into full. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.seriousinsights.net/wireless-broadband-alliance-openroaming-initiative-needs-to-focus-on-adoption/" style="color: #86607e; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.seriousinsights.net/wireless-broadband-alliance-openroaming-initiative-needs-to-focus-on-adoption/</a></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-12450438330432518162019-03-12T20:43:00.000-07:002019-03-12T20:44:14.005-07:005G Race, from marketing stunt to political mileage.<div dir="ltr"><p class="gmail-smalltallline gmail-lightergray" style="border:0px;line-height:19px;margin-top:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" style="" face="verdana, sans-serif">Almost since 5G first grabbed the industry's attention, US telcos have been crowing about their investment in the next-generation mobile standard. And, rightly or wrongly, an impression has taken hold that America is a frontrunner in the 5G race. Only this week, a report from Arthur D. Little, a respected consultancy, ranked the US just behind South Korea in its new 5G country leadership index (see below). Other commentators point to major equipment deals for Ericsson and Nokia, and enthusiastic announcements about 5G launches, as evidence of the US position.</font></span></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif">But it's all just marketing flimflam, according to one of the UK's top executives involved in the rollout of 5G technology. Light Reading spoke with Scott Petty, the chief technology officer of Vodafone UK, on the sidelines of a press briefing in London this week, and his verdict on claims of US 5G leadership was damning. "Only the Chinese are ahead of the UK. The US is miles behind," Petty told Light Reading. "They are making it up. They are rebadging 4G Evolution as 5G."</font></span></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><div class="gmail-docimage" align="center" style="width:500px;overflow:hidden"><a href="http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/us-miles-behind-china-and-uk-on-5g-says-vodafone-uks-cto/a/d-id/750021?itc=lrnewsletter%5Fmobileweekly&utm_source=lrnewsletter%5Fmobileweekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=03122019&image_number=1" style="text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif"><img class="gmail-docimage" src="https://img.lightreading.com/2019/03/750021/9952.png" alt="Source: Arthur D. Little." border="0" style="border: 0px;"></font></a><div style="margin-top:5px"><span class="gmail-docimagecaptiontext" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif">Source: Arthur D. Little.</font></span></div></div><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif">This would seem like chest-thumping for the UK telecom sector were it not for the fact that US boasts have never quite made sense.</font></span></p><div align="center" style=""></div><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif">For one thing, the 5G equipment vendor that just about every non-US telecom executive thinks of as the world's best -- China's Huawei -- is effectively barred from doing business with the main US operators. Elsewhere, even telcos ripping out Huawei's equipment, or promising not to use its 5G products, rank it ahead of Ericsson and Nokia. How can a country that excludes the world's "only true 5G vendor," in the words of BT's Neil McRae, be a 5G leader?</font></span></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></span></p><p style="border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif">Very nicely put, get full article <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/us-miles-behind-china-and-uk-on-5g-says-vodafone-uks-cto/a/d-id/750021?itc=lrnewsletter_mobileweekly&utm_source=lrnewsletter_mobileweekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=03122019">HERE</a></font></span></p><div><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#000000" face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></span></div><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:13.3333px"></div></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-11851263857423778942019-03-11T05:40:00.000-07:002019-03-11T05:40:27.450-07:00Akraino Edge Stack from Linux Edge Linux fundation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong>Akraino Edge Stack</strong>, a Linux Foundation project initiated by AT&T and Intel, intends to develop a <strong>fully integrated edge infrastructure</strong> solution, and the project is completely focused towards Edge Computing. This open source software stack provides critical infrastructure to enable high performance, reduce latency, improve availability, lower operational overhead, provide scalability, address security needs, and improve fault management. The Akraino community will address multiple edge use cases and industry, not just Telco Industry. Akraino community intends to develop solution and support of carrier, provider, and the IoT networks. <span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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AT&T's seed code will enable carrier-scale edge computing applications to run in virtual machines and containers. AT&T’s contributions, which will include support for 5G, IoT, and other networking edge services will enhance reliability and enable high performance.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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Intel upstreamed Wind River Titanium Cloud portfolio of technologies to open source in support of additional blueprints in Akraino. </div>
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<span style="color: black;">The <strong>Akraino Edge Stack Community</strong>, while embracing several existing open source projects, will continue the focus on the following <strong>Community Goal</strong>: </span></div>
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▪ <strong>Faster Edge Innovation</strong> - Focused group facilitating faster innovation, incorporating hardware acceleration, software-defined networking, and other emerging capabilities into a modern Edge stack.</div>
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▪ <strong>End-to-End Ecosystem</strong> - Definition and certification of H/W stacks, configurations, and Edge VNFs.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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▪ <strong>User Experience</strong> - Address both operational and user use cases.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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▪ <strong>Seamless Edge Cloud Interoperability</strong>- Standard to interoperate across multiple Edge Clouds.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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▪ <strong>Provide End to End Stack</strong>- End to end integrated solution with demonstrable use cases.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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▪ <strong>Use and Improve Existing Open Source </strong>- Maximize the use of existing industry investments while developing and up-streaming enhancements, avoiding further fragmentation of the ecosystem.<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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▪ <strong>Support Production-Ready Code </strong>- Security established by design and supports full life-cycle.</div>
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<span style="color: black;">Akraino is a complementary opensource project, and interfaces with the existing projects namely Acumos AI, Airship, Ceph, DANOS, EdgeX Foundry, Kubernetes, LF Networking, ONAP, OpenStack, and StarlingX.</span></div>
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<strong>Emerging Technologies</strong></div>
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<span style="color: black;">As highlighted in the Introduction section, there are several emerging technologies such as, (Refer to the picture below)</span></div>
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<li><strong><span style="color: black;">Telco NFV Edge Infrastructure - </span></strong><span style="color: black;">Running cloud infrastructure at the network edge allows for the virtualization of applications key to running 5G mobility networks at a larger scale, density and lower cost using commodity hardware. In addition this infrastructure can also enable the virtualization of wireline services, Enterprise IP services and even supports the virtualization of client premises equipment. This reduces the time to provision new services for customers and even, in some cases, allows those customers to self-provision their service changes.</span><br /><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></li>
<li><strong>Autonomous devices - </strong>Drones, Autonomous Vehicles, Industry Robots and such customer devices require a lot of compute processing power in order to support video processing, analytics and etc., Edge computing enables above-said devices to offload the computing processing to the Edge within the needed latency limit.<br /></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><strong>Immersive Experiences</strong> - Devices like Virtual Reality (VR) headsets and Augmented Reality applications on user’s mobile devices also require extremely low levels of latency to prevent lag that would degrade their user experience. To ensure this experience is optimal, placing computing resources close to the end user to ensure the lowest latencies to and from their devices is critical.</span><br /><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><strong>IoT & Analytics</strong> - Emerging technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT) demands lower latencies and accelerated processing at the edge.</span></li>
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<span style="color: black;">To ensure timely information arrives for data-driven decisions for manufacturing and shipping businesses, edge computing is also beneficial. Receiving and processing this data at the edge allows more timely decision making leading to better business outcomes.</span></div>
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<h1 id="AkrainoEdgeStack-NetworkEdge-OptimalZoneforEdgePlacement" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 196, 196); color: #172b4d; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25; margin: 30px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: black;"><strong>Network Edge - Optimal Zone for Edge Placement</strong></span></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">The processing power demands of customer devices, namely AR/VR, Drones, and Autonomous Vehicles are ever increasing and require very low latency, typically measured in milliseconds. The place where processing takes place plays a major role with respect to quality of user experience and cost of ownership. Centralized cloud decreases the TCO, but fails to address the low latency requirement. Placement at customer premises is nearly impossible with respect to cost and infrastructure. Considering the cost, low latency, and high processing power requirements, the best available option is to utilize the existing infrastructure like Telco’s tower, central offices, and other Telco real estates. These will be the optimal zones for the edge placement.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; position: relative;"><img class="confluence-embedded-image" data-base-url="https://wiki.akraino.org" data-image-src="/download/attachments/1147262/image2018-7-18_13-30-39.png?version=1&modificationDate=1531935040000&api=v2" data-linked-resource-container-id="1147262" data-linked-resource-container-version="14" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-default-alias="image2018-7-18_13-30-39.png" data-linked-resource-id="1147323" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" src="https://wiki.akraino.org/download/attachments/1147262/image2018-7-18_13-30-39.png?version=1&modificationDate=1531935040000&api=v2" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px 2px; max-width: calc(100% - 4px); padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<h1 id="AkrainoEdgeStack-AkrainoEdgeStack" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 196, 196); color: #172b4d; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25; margin: 30px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong>Akraino Edge Stack</strong></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">The Akraino Edge Stack is a collection of multiple blueprints. Blueprints are the declarative configuration of entire stack i.e., Cloud platform, API, and Applications. Intend of Akraino Edge Stack is to support VM, container and bare metal workloads. Akraino is a complimentary OpenSource project and it is intended to use upstream community work in addition to the software development within the Akraino community. </span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">A typical service provider will have thousands of Edge sites. These Edge sites could be deployed at Cell tower, Central offices, and other service providers real estate such as wire centers. End-to-End Edge automation and Zero-Touch provisioning are required to minimize OPEX and meet the requirements for provisioning agility.</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The Akraino Edge Stack is intended to support any type of access methodologies such as Wireless (4G/LTE, 5G), Wireline, Wi-Fi, etc., </span></div>
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In order to be resilient, Akraino Edge Stack deployment intent to follow the hierarchy of deployments such as collection of central sites that deploy a collection of regional sites. The regional sites that facilitate the deployment of Edge Sites. For example, the figure below shows the central site C1 and C2 allows the management of regional sites R1, R2, R3, and R4. And regional sites allows the management of Edge Sites which are remote and closer to the users.</div>
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<span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; position: relative;"><img class="confluence-embedded-image" data-base-url="https://wiki.akraino.org" data-image-src="/download/attachments/1147262/image2018-7-18_13-43-32.png?version=1&modificationDate=1531935813000&api=v2" data-linked-resource-container-id="1147262" data-linked-resource-container-version="14" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-default-alias="image2018-7-18_13-43-32.png" data-linked-resource-id="1147325" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" src="https://wiki.akraino.org/download/attachments/1147262/image2018-7-18_13-43-32.png?version=1&modificationDate=1531935813000&api=v2" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px 2px; max-width: calc(100% - 4px); padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
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Regional sites serve as the controller for Edge sites in their corresponding "Edge Flock". </div>
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To promote the high availability of Edge Cloud services, Akraino regional sites are set up redundantly to overcome site failures. </div>
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Get in Details <a href="https://www.lfedge.org/projects/akraino/" target="_blank">HERE</a></div>
</div>
Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-45832521090321699382019-03-03T21:14:00.001-08:002019-03-03T21:14:47.146-08:00It’s going to be massive scale. And this has huge implications for all - Chuk Robbins CISCO CEO<div dir="ltr"><div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfE9Stz1Vqw767unpJOzDKoYwZ_b-VeL-842d1fDDXbGy9kWyiHTFyc9oiIE8y_Q1pSuSyrvZqKvvsCe6DyjGhpaIpn5sNt2FpYP9e-V6quBAClvjQAA3gCclxbQ4_jPruLZKtb4JIDGw/s1600/image-787177.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfE9Stz1Vqw767unpJOzDKoYwZ_b-VeL-842d1fDDXbGy9kWyiHTFyc9oiIE8y_Q1pSuSyrvZqKvvsCe6DyjGhpaIpn5sNt2FpYP9e-V6quBAClvjQAA3gCclxbQ4_jPruLZKtb4JIDGw/s320/image-787177.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6664399766116254130" /></a><br></div></div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div>When We, Fundarc-Comm (xgnlab), put our whitepaper on 5G, and centered it around two notion, large scale and convergence. We were convinced and thought 5G as a large scale convergence technology. </font><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">5G is about scaling and providing required flexibility to address the humongous uses cases around industry. That's not by its exclusive approach but inclusive approaches to take variety of technological advancements with a converged solution. This convergence is already taking shapes like in various open source frameworks for cloud and computing and also in connectivity and networking like through multiple access etc.</font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">In MWC 19, Cisco CEO Mr Chuk Robbins given some interesting comments, like </font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(249,249,249)">"We are truly embarking on incredible times," he said. "As we think about this next phase that we're getting ready to enter into, it is going to be like no other phase we've ever seen."</span> </font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><span style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249);color:rgb(51,51,51)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">"It's going to be massive scale. And this has huge implications for all, making possible the creation of new applications and bringing new opportunities for a broad range of industries, from mining through to autonomous driving."</font></span></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Get details <a href="https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/5g-hype-to-be-reflected-in-reality-cisco-ceo/">HERE </a></font><br></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-92079966213625313002019-02-15T09:22:00.000-08:002019-02-15T09:24:32.493-08:00IP Tables in Linux - A Tutorial<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This tutorial guides you how firewall works in <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linux Operating</span> system and what is <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IPTables</span> in Linux? Firewall decides fate of packets incoming and outgoing in system. IPTables is a rule based firewall and it is pre-installed on most of Linux operating system. By default it runs without any rules. IPTables was included in <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kernel 2.4</span>, prior it was called <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ipchains</span> or <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ipfwadm</span>. IPTables is a front-end tool to talk to the kernel and decides the packets to filter. This guide may help you to rough idea and basic commands of IPTables where we are going to describe practical iptables rules which you may refer and customized as per your need.</div>
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Different services is used for different protocols as:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iptables applies to <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IPv4</span>.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ip6tables applies to <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IPv6</span>.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">arptables applies to <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ARP</span>.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ebtables applies to <span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ethernet</span> frames..</li>
</ol>
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IPTables main files are:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/init.d/iptables</span> – init script to start|stop|restart and save rulesets.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/sysconfig/iptables</span> – where Rulesets are saved.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/sbin/iptables</span> – binary.</li>
</ol>
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iptables firewall is used to manage packet filtering and NAT rules. IPTables comes with all Linux distributions. Understanding how to setup and configure iptables will help you manage your Linux firewall effectively.</div>
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iptables tool is used to manage the Linux firewall rules. At a first look, iptables might look complex (or even confusing). But, once you understand the basics of how iptables work and how it is structured, reading and writing iptables firewall rules will be easy.</div>
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This article is part of an ongoing iptables tutorial series. This is the 1st article in that series.</div>
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This article explains how iptables is structured, and explains the fundamentals about iptables tables, chains and rules.</div>
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<span id="more-7088" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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On a high-level iptables might contain multiple tables. Tables might contain multiple chains. Chains can be built-in or user-defined. Chains might contain multiple rules. Rules are defined for the packets.</div>
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So, the structure is: iptables -> Tables -> Chains -> Rules. This is defined in the following diagram.</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-7096" height="400" sizes="(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px" src="https://static.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-table-chain-rule-structure.png" srcset="https://static.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-table-chain-rule-structure.png 540w, https://www.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-table-chain-rule-structure-300x222.png 300w" style="border: 0px; clear: both; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 26px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" title="IPTables Tables Chains and Rules" width="540" /><br />
<strong style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">Fig</strong>: IPTables Table, Chain, and Rule Structure</div>
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Just to re-iterate, tables are bunch of chains, and chains are bunch of firewall rules.</div>
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I. IPTABLES TABLES and CHAINS</h2>
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IPTables has the following 4 built-in tables.</div>
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1. Filter Table</h3>
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Filter is default table for iptables. So, if you don’t define you own table, you’ll be using filter table. Iptables’s filter table has the following built-in chains.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">INPUT chain – Incoming to firewall. For packets coming to the local server.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">OUTPUT chain – Outgoing from firewall. For packets generated locally and going out of the local server.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">FORWARD chain – Packet for another NIC on the local server. For packets routed through the local server.</li>
</ul>
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2. NAT table</h3>
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Iptable’s NAT table has the following built-in chains.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">PREROUTING chain – Alters packets before routing. i.e Packet translation happens immediately after the packet comes to the system (and before routing). This helps to translate the destination ip address of the packets to something that matches the routing on the local server. This is used for DNAT (destination NAT).</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">POSTROUTING chain – Alters packets after routing. i.e Packet translation happens when the packets are leaving the system. This helps to translate the source ip address of the packets to something that might match the routing on the desintation server. This is used for SNAT (source NAT).</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">OUTPUT chain – NAT for locally generated packets on the firewall.</li>
</ul>
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3. Mangle table</h3>
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Iptables’s Mangle table is for specialized packet alteration. This alters QOS bits in the TCP header. Mangle table has the following built-in chains.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">PREROUTING chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">OUTPUT chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">FORWARD chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">INPUT chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">POSTROUTING chain</li>
</ul>
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4. Raw table</h3>
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Iptable’s Raw table is for configuration excemptions. Raw table has the following built-in chains.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">PREROUTING chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">OUTPUT chain</li>
</ul>
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The following diagram shows the three important tables in iptables.</div>
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-7100" height="279" sizes="(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px" src="https://static.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-filter-nat-mangle-tables.png" srcset="https://static.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-filter-nat-mangle-tables.png 540w, https://www.thegeekstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iptables-filter-nat-mangle-tables-300x155.png 300w" style="border: 0px; clear: both; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 26px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" title="IPTables Filter NAT Mangle Tables" width="540" /></div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">Fig</strong>: IPTables built-in tables</div>
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II. IPTABLES RULES</h2>
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Following are the key points to remember for the iptables rules.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">Rules contain a criteria and a target.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">If the criteria is matched, it goes to the rules specified in the target (or) executes the special values mentioned in the target.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">If the criteria is not matached, it moves on to the next rule.</li>
</ul>
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Target Values</h3>
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Following are the possible special values that you can specify in the target.</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">ACCEPT – Firewall will accept the packet.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">DROP – Firewall will drop the packet.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">QUEUE – Firewall will pass the packet to the userspace.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">RETURN – Firewall will stop executing the next set of rules in the current chain for this packet. The control will be returned to the calling chain.</li>
</ul>
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If you do iptables –list (or) service iptables status, you’ll see all the available firewall rules on your system. The following iptable example shows that there are no firewall rules defined on this system. As you see, it displays the default input table, with the default input chain, forward chain, and output chain.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables -t filter --list
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination</pre>
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Do the following to view the mangle table.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables -t mangle --list</pre>
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Do the following to view the nat table.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables -t nat --list</pre>
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Do the following to view the raw table.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables -t raw --list</pre>
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Note: If you don’t specify the -t option, it will display the default filter table. So, both of the following commands are the same.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables -t filter --list
(or)
# iptables --list</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">
The following iptable example shows that there are some rules defined in the input, forward, and output chain of the filter table.</div>
<pre style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 13px; tab-size: 4;"># iptables --list
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
2 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255
3 ACCEPT esp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 ACCEPT ah -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353
6 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:631
7 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:631
8 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
9 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
10 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">
The rules in the iptables –list command output contains the following fields:</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px 0px 26px 26px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">num – Rule number within the particular chain</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">target – Special target variable that we discussed above</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">prot – Protocols. tcp, udp, icmp, etc.,</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">opt – Special options for that specific rule.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">source – Source ip-address of the packet</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">destination – Destination ip-address for the packet</li>
</ul>
</div>
Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-6524696817535684082019-02-11T22:34:00.001-08:002019-02-11T22:34:57.321-08:00WiFi Through 2018 - Industry focus and emerging prospects<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="714" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/f0WuOjdEoekYAd" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="668"> </iframe> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/SaurabhVerma72/wifiin-right-perpectives2018" target="_blank" title="WiFi_in right perpectives_2018">WiFi_in right perpectives_2018</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/SaurabhVerma72" target="_blank">Saurabh Verma</a></strong> </div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-80152149593835562572019-02-05T05:46:00.000-08:002019-02-05T05:48:20.133-08:00EXFO in 5G transformation through Transport Networks.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hnAEdi3WvuI" width="560"></iframe>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-48985920216799498822019-01-27T23:33:00.000-08:002019-01-28T06:37:23.370-08:005G - Could it be a platform of dominance for years and change the strategic games?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="Image result for 5g weapon" 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" 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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">5G is most buzzing term in telecom industry since a couple of years now. As an technologies its going to be a enabler of many things that's going to affect the economies to far larger extent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">I think while defining objective for IMT2020, even ITU-T was not prudent in sensing the power of 5G abilities that it can bring to world and impact at large.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">5G seemed so far being taken as technology next to 4G, which would enhance the communication systems for more better and fast service provisioning and delivery. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">But the real power of 5G capability was reckoned, probably late, and that became the point of conflict for the dominance into 5G. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">As 5G, for many in ecosystem, is still on test bed and trails, vendors like Nokia is in phase of acquiring grant to do research on 5G. On the other hand Chinese vendors are far ahead and Specifically Huawei has not only taken leading position, far ahead of other, but having in the spree of dominance across the globe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">We should also be noted that 5G is not a confined technology but a notion of many advancement constructed well for delivering connectivity services of all scale. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">We provided our whitepaper for that with a notion of "5G as large scale convergence", hopefully few could have understood. you may here with it (its for beginners too in 5G). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://community.xgnlab.com/2019/01/5g-rationales-and-strategic-insights.html">http://community.xgnlab.com/2019/01/5g-rationales-and-strategic-insights.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Also most interesting part of 5G is that once it settle its gonna settle for next industry evolution or revolution, like it is there for industry 4.0 and will remain at least till industry 5.0. And that's a worry some for many who reckoned 5G abilities a little bit late. So the dominance into 5G should be distributed, not from particular vendors or from a specific land or part of world. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">That's all late rising community want a margin of time for many others to come forward in 5G field, and their intent is being reflected earlier through politicized game plan, but now even voices to restrain on 5G is appearing on major telecom service providers. As recently Verizon CTO spoken about to keep the 5G term reserved for future.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Among all these matter, 5G is becoming highly politicized. As per the recent news <a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/jeremy+hunt" style="color: #00afdf;">Jeremy Hunt</a><span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">, the British foreign minister, arrived in Washington this past week for a whirlwind of meetings dominated by a critical question: Should Britain risk its relationship with Beijing and agree to the Trump administration's request to ban </span><a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/huawei" style="color: #00afdf; text-decoration-line: none;">Huawei</a><span style="color: #333333;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">In Poland, officials are also under pressure from the United States to bar Huawei from building its fifth generation, or 5G, network. Trump officials suggested that future deployments of US troops — including the prospect of a permanent base labeled "Fort Trump" — could hinge on Poland's decision. </span><span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">And a delegation of US officials showed up this spring in Germany, where most of Europe's giant fiber-optic lines connect and Huawei wants to build the switches that make the system hum.</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">Their message: Any economic benefit of using cheaper Chinese telecom equipment is outweighed by the security threat to the </span><a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/nato" style="color: #00afdf; text-decoration-line: none;">NATO</a> <span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">alliance.</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51 , 51 , 51);">The administration contends that the world is engaged in a new arms race — one that involves technology, rather than conventional weaponry, but poses just as much danger to US national security. In an age when the most powerful weapons, short of nuclear arms, are cyber-controlled, whichever country dominates 5G will gain an economic, intelligence and military edge for much of this century.</span> </span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">The views are from observations and perception, expressed by Saurabh Verma, Chief Technology Consultant, fundarc Communication (xgnlab).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Some of news has been taken from <a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/us-pushes-allies-to-fight-huawei-in-new-arms-race-with-china/67718051">HERE</a></span></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-85409577078577878942019-01-24T20:19:00.001-08:002019-01-24T20:19:28.491-08:005G Transport Network Survey - Huawei Sponsored.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09881587675032687550noreply@blogger.com176tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-31463041445790138142019-01-22T21:28:00.001-08:002019-01-22T21:28:58.357-08:00Fantastic Article on 5G from CTO for North America, Nokia Corp. Source : LightReading<div dir="ltr"><p class="gmail-smalltallline gmail-lightergray" style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px;margin-top:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" style="">Taxes, death and mobile data growth are three things that will continue until the end of time. There are a lot of forecasts on the latter, but let's keep the mathematics simple and say demand is growing at 50% compounded annually in dense urban centers -- the only places we're really concerned about. So, the question then is, how can operators build networks to meet that demand?</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">There are a few ways. The first is by using existing spectrum more efficiently. The second is by using new spectrum. The third is through densification.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Let's take a look at LTE.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">In LTE, the last great efficiency push comes from an antenna technology called massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output). Deployment has already started, but we expect gains in throughput and capacity to come mainly in 2020 and beyond.</font></span></p><div align="center" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"></div><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">In terms of new spectrum, three of the top four operators in the US will have no new licensed LTE spectrum from 2017-2020! Only <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/complink_redirect.asp?vl_id=5831" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none">T-Mobile US Inc.</a> can draw on new 600MHz purchased in 2017. However, there are other options. Shared CBRS (3.5GHz GAA) should be available in 2019 and unlicensed 5GHz (WiFi spectrum) is now an option through the use of Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) technology.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Densification, the third capacity technique, unfortunately can result in unwanted interference if applied more so than has already been done in the same frequencies, and so we expect its use to be limited.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">So, what does all this mean? From our forecasts, we see LTE hitting a wall. The wall appears around 2022 or so and shifts a year in or a year out depending on one's assumptions; but LTE exhaustion is definitely coming. And while one's natural reaction is that 5G will solve global hunger, unfortunately, there won't be enough 5G mobile phones available to eat data capacity in a significant way until about 2023.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">This is illustrated below, where the brown "User Demand" line represents an approximate 50% growth curve and the blue "LTE Capacity" line represents the actual capacity of an LTE network to service that demand (after massive MIMO has been applied). Assuming some headroom will be planned, we can see difficulties starting about 2022 unless 5G is ready and waiting to take over.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><div class="gmail-docimage" align="center" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);width:500px;overflow:hidden"><a href="http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/tick-tock-or-why-5g-must-happen-soon-in-the-us/a/d-id/748918?_mc=RSS%5FLR%5FEDT&image_number=1" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><img class="gmail-docimage" src="https://img.lightreading.com/2019/01/748918/9573.png" alt="" border="0" style="border: 0px;"></font></a></div><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">From the above, were 5G to be deployed in a timely fashion, all would be OK; however, there is not a lot of time. To meet forthcoming demand, we need to get started now, because getting a new technology in the right places at the right time with the requisite capacity-handling capability is no small task: Think in terms of years of preparation, not months. In fact, if we simulate using all the tools mentioned previously, we end up with the following forecast, where the black parts of the histogram represent what 5G would need to supply to avert congestion and, thus, a degraded user experience.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><div class="gmail-docimage" align="center" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);width:500px;overflow:hidden"><a href="http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/tick-tock-or-why-5g-must-happen-soon-in-the-us/a/d-id/748918?_mc=RSS%5FLR%5FEDT&image_number=2" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><img class="gmail-docimage" src="https://img.lightreading.com/2019/01/748918/1148.png" alt="" border="0" style="border: 0px;"></font></a></div><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">However, there is another dirty secret in the closet. The rule of thumb for capacity, as embedded in the 3GPP channel models, is that 80% of traffic originates indoors and 20% outdoors. Compounding that, there is a seasonal aspect to traffic. During the cold winter months in the north, there is even less traffic outdoors (likewise, in the hot summer months in the south). With LTE, indoor traffic is primarily served by outdoor cell sites, booming signals through walls and windows. This begs the question: What happens when 5G needs to handle that indoor traffic?</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">In the US, the <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/complink_redirect.asp?vl_id=7304" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none">Federal Communications Commission (FCC)</a> is planning to auction off Millimeter Wave (mmWave) (24GHz, 28GHz and 39GHz) spectrum over the next two years. But mmWave doesn't like hard things such as walls, windows and trees. Penetration loss is significant. This means 5G mmWave, practically, will not really be able to service indoor demand from outdoors-in (unlike low band LTE). (For completeness, we should note that <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/complink_redirect.asp?vl_id=5831" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none">T-Mobile US Inc.</a>'s 600MHz spectrum and <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/complink_redirect.asp?vl_id=5173" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none">Sprint Corp.</a> (NYSE: S) Band 41 spectrum (2.5GHz) can help in this situation to a degree. However, the number of petabytes needed is very significant, and it is unlikely these solutions alone will suffice.)</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><div class="gmail-docimage" align="center" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);width:500px;overflow:hidden"><a href="http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/tick-tock-or-why-5g-must-happen-soon-in-the-us/a/d-id/748918?_mc=RSS%5FLR%5FEDT&image_number=3" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><img class="gmail-docimage" src="https://img.lightreading.com/2019/01/748918/8100.png" alt="" border="0" style="border: 0px;"></font></a></div><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">So where does this leave us? There are only two options. The first is to use low or mid-band spectrum outdoors, and blast indoors; the outside-in approach. But in the dense urban case, we are already using that spectrum! So, the only real alternative is new mid-band spectrum. For the moment, none is in sight in the US until about 2020+ when the 3.7-4.2GHz band -- or parts of it -- become available. The other is to deploy mmWave indoors. The problem with going indoors versus using the outdoors-in approach is that everyone wants to get inside. Imagine Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and all the others showing up at your building and wanting to deploy 5G mmWave inside every room. Perhaps neutral hosting solutions may help.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Before we finish, let's dismiss one counter argument. Some will say, "But WiFi will fix that." WiFi, however, has its own growth problems, thank you very much. WiFi demand is also growing, at least at 30% or more, and it too has looming capacity issues, with no significant new spectrum becoming available either.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Cellular demand, meanwhile, is separate, independent and additive. So, there is no getting around it. 5G needs to go and bang on some front doors.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Now, LTE has many good years left, with a few tricks up its sleeve, but it is aging as a technology and as we all know, it gets harder to run new races as you get old. 5G is the upstart and needs to be deployed quickly to help take over the baton from LTE. But in doing so, it needs to take it over not only outside, but also inside, and knock-knock on some friendly doors.</font></span></p><p style="color:rgb(101,101,101);border:0px;line-height:19px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">— Mike Murphy, CTO for North America, <a href="https://www.lightreading.com/complink_redirect.asp?vl_id=3847" style="color:rgb(69,19,49);text-decoration-line:none">Nokia Corp.</a> (NYSE: NOK)</font></span></p><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-60610187635201766692019-01-22T09:42:00.000-08:002019-01-22T09:57:37.896-08:005G Rationales and Strategic Insights - just to fathom emerging 5G in a perspective.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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White paper vindictively stress on convergence for 5G step wise growth and strategical adoption. Convergence, not only aggregation at access but a holistic approach and ONAP going to be the platform to make it a success. ONAP is being joined by almost all the major operators now.</h3>
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Interestingly we released the paper at beginning of year 2018 with name '5G in apprehension - beginning of new era' and later rectified it with some 5G deployment cases and emerging strategies.</h3>
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It becomes more relevant today as AT&T discloses it's 5G strategy, why read the paper below for that -</h3>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-55360465155288798392019-01-22T09:07:00.001-08:002019-01-22T09:07:05.945-08:00Don't we need to re-write this paper - Operator must transform to deepen entry into the digital ecosystem.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Paper below put very matured attention and we must put it again with little more experience</span>.</span><br />
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-60719003331388048732019-01-18T22:31:00.001-08:002019-01-18T22:31:47.131-08:00AT&T's backed Akraino project going to provide open source for Edge cloud<div dir="ltr"><div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEWQFPCUgF4OFoZpsZVqch0iWl-Gdt8YRW2hHg_IqlS57COUSsCGuj55oczfJGc-bWxg79o-CQNjkng8K8-k1XIVlLlI-9Ymr1JX0rKdXfuB_ifl5BXA0mqtqK2yGGFEiNO8W3XG3uZz8/s1600/image-707166.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEWQFPCUgF4OFoZpsZVqch0iWl-Gdt8YRW2hHg_IqlS57COUSsCGuj55oczfJGc-bWxg79o-CQNjkng8K8-k1XIVlLlI-9Ymr1JX0rKdXfuB_ifl5BXA0mqtqK2yGGFEiNO8W3XG3uZz8/s320/image-707166.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6648091863306030882" /></a><br></div></div><br clear="all"><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Linux foundation managed Akraino project backed by AT&T is going to provide open source software for mobile edge computing cloud preparation. AT&T has mega plan to decompose RAN functionality into distributed elements and Akraino is for that purpose. </font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">AT&T is relying on Akraino for high degree of orchestration and ease of deploying edge cloud environment. By decomposing RAN functionalities its can address various application demands and effective management of ran infrastructure. </font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">The Complete Akraino solution will be a combination of different elements provided through different software vendors.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp2bquK3A2BEjX9GWxluFzjGfwgrpjAOe6Yu-K77mpJ1KFXDxVQm_djxEd7GS3nSmjqgXDhignFMCkMrfTND5YMhQUC50EsHR4FM4IUbFXXACj4R-zRTmkGjnPvLVpzrnHKv7u96PKTqw/s1600/image-710667.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp2bquK3A2BEjX9GWxluFzjGfwgrpjAOe6Yu-K77mpJ1KFXDxVQm_djxEd7GS3nSmjqgXDhignFMCkMrfTND5YMhQUC50EsHR4FM4IUbFXXACj4R-zRTmkGjnPvLVpzrnHKv7u96PKTqw/s320/image-710667.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6648091877511961442" /></a><br></div></div><div><br></div><div>image source : Akraino.</div><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"></div></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-26498211535303638492019-01-18T01:22:00.001-08:002019-01-18T02:02:26.676-08:00Why India should not go with the global wind of shortcoming with Chinese vendors like Huawei and ZTE.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj91eA9HY8buiTA83dh4EPGFXz3clYGwKwxwlFPa_eNfglYkNRV3L_chFQ88ckkmjku9or5ZV4PZL3tAkL6A9wJaPVAyM3uS7kriqNb3i4cNJfk4LrY5NaWzplg_a2VVF8zPnlD1DoU-8c/s1600/image-769110.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6647764851194240018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj91eA9HY8buiTA83dh4EPGFXz3clYGwKwxwlFPa_eNfglYkNRV3L_chFQ88ckkmjku9or5ZV4PZL3tAkL6A9wJaPVAyM3uS7kriqNb3i4cNJfk4LrY5NaWzplg_a2VVF8zPnlD1DoU-8c/s320/image-769110.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Amidst the much hype of 5G and intense attempts to thwarts the challenges around and gain the leads, there are interesting insights to be watched and allude for. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">I took some in context of Indian turmoil to include Huawei and ZTE in its 5G test bed plan. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">There are few industry cues to go with Huawei on 5G, or in general for Chinese vendors.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">1. 5G has been there across global in a very limited capacity so far, see the commercial deployment of 5G from Verizon and AT&T and SK Telecom and even the upcoming test beds, all have been in constrained and limited scope. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">2. All 5G commercial deployment have been with rigorous criticism, like for Verizon home broadband service severely criticized by T-mobile CEO Mr Legere as "fake 5G". As it was on proprietary 5G standards based on Verzon 5G Technical Forum. Also the 5G Which came through AT&T is also under criticism as AT&T shown it with logo of '5G Evolution' not a clear 5G. Both vendors seems to be running on Samsung or Ericsson based equipment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">3. 5G Demonstration from Huawei has been at par with standards in comparison to others, Huawei leadership has been well recognized as BT Chief architect has already praised Huawei capabilities on 5G. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">BT Chief architect </span><span style="color: black;">Neil McRae on Huawei capabilities and readiness in Global mobile broadband conference.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>"I've been to Shenzhen recently [Huawei's headquarters] and there's nowhere else in the world where you can see" the kind of 5G technology developments that Huawei has achieved, he noted during a panel discussion, though without highlighting any specific advances.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>"The other suppliers need to learn from Huawei -- the others are held back by old telco issues," he added.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Not only Huawei but ZTE has also gone side by side with its remarkably innovative streak for 5G E2E Solution like FlexE for backhaul and X-haul kind solution and 5G Converge core for 5G core network solution. Apart from that ZTE solution also enabled pre-commercial rollout on 5G in Europe etc. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ZTE, in partnership with Wind Tre and Open Fiber, accomplished Europe's first pre-commercial 5G network in October 2017, symbolizing a major step forward for 5G commercial deployment in Europe. </b><span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">ZTE seems to be first who satisfied IMT2020 for 5G core networks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>ZTE's latest version of 5G core network is developed in compliance with 3GPP Release-15 specifications released in September 2018. By adopting SBA, micro-service components and network slicing, ZTE's 5G core network can achieve flexible and agile service innovation. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ZTE recently announced successful 5G call with Chinese service provider china unicom. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4. 5G Ecosystem is in complete flow with Chinese vendors and Chinese innovation, Qualcomm investment wings has recently announced to fund Chinese innovative venture Baicell. Altogether global ecosystem does not take Chinese vendors in dissolute. <span style="color: black; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5. In an interesting move from Verizon CTO Mr Kely malady, where he recognized that true 5G has yet to evolve and hype around 5G is over hyped, as technology has not been in place in its true form. As per him, more has to come and 5G name need to be reserved for that. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>"The potential to over-hype and under-deliver is a temptation the industry must resists," said Malady</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">6. T-mobile and Sprint also been reluctant to hype around 5G so far, in fact T-mobile CEO Mr legere called the current 5G as "fake 5G". And their debut on 5G has been around their existing infrastructures and with low spectrum band i.e. 700 MHz and 2100 MHz. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">7. There was some interesting insights on 5G that could be conduced when Vodafone India CTO speak about 5G readiness as a software upgrade only.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Among these all, which i refer to as cues around 5G progress and roll outs with commercials, pre-commercials and even test beds plans. Recent outspoken statement from Huawei CEO Mr Ren Zhengfei made the dust clear. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>"I personally would never harm the interest of my customers and me and my company would not answer to such requests," Ren said, as reported by <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fox Business.</em></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As reported by <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CNBC</em>, he told the assembled journalists at Huawei's headquarters in Shenzen, China, that "when it comes to cyber security and privacy protection, we are committed to be sided with our customers. We will never harm any nation or any individual.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">India has been in on and off situation while taking Huawei and ZTE for its 5G Test bed considerations. Whereas Indian Telecom export specific organization came up with strict restriction on Chinese vendors, but department of telecom and ministry of telecom given a separate stand after initial tussles - and given Huawei a green flag, though ignored ZTE. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Reason behind accepting Huawei by Indian telecom ministry could not only technical or based on security assessments, but political as well. But as an industry observer, I corroborate with the decision here and even want to extend it further like for ZTE as well. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Chinese vendors can not be ignored by the massive economy like India, as well as Indian service providers are also in likely hood for them. As Indian Cellular operator association chief Mr matthew has also expressed interest of cellular industry of India in favor of Chinese vendors. This all are due to valid reasons of their capability and suiting prices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These view are based on industry observation and from Saurabh Verma, Chief technology Consultant, Fundarc Communication (xgnlab).</span></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-56143012643225439402019-01-15T22:00:00.000-08:002019-01-15T22:00:28.583-08:00ZTE FlexE : single-hop device forwarding latency is less than 0.5 microseconds and the jitter is less than 30 nanoseconds, with 69 reliability laying a foundation for ultra-low-latency service transport.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ZTE released the white paper "Meeting 5G Transport Requirements With FlexE" along with the consulting firm Heavy Reading.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Based on the new trends of the 5G network architecture and the new requirements for the transport network, the white paper focuses on the key role of the innovative FlexE-based technology in the new service transport.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The white paper introduces the goals, values and key technologies of the 5G transport network solution, and provides comprehensive technical support and advice on the construction of future-oriented high-value transport networks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The white paper elaborates four major technical features of the 5G transport solution. First, the FlexE channel technology supports on-demand bandwidth provision. It adopts large-port bonding to expand network capacity on demand, effectively solving the problems of bandwidth upgrade resulting from 5G development so that 100GE bandwidth can meet the needs of early 5G services. By virtue of FlexE bonding, the bandwidth can be upgraded to beyond-100GE by simply expanding the capacity of several 100GE ports. It simplifies network adjustment while effectively making use of initial investments.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Second, the 5G transport network solution enables ultra-low latency and ultra-stable jitter forwarding. The FlexE time slot cross-connection technology allows the user service traffic forwarding based on the physical layer so that the user packet is not required to be parsed in the network intermediate node, and the service traffic forwarding can be completed in real time. As a consequence, the single-hop device forwarding latency is less than 0.5 microseconds and the jitter is less than 30 nanoseconds, laying a foundation for ultra-low-latency service transport.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Third, the FlexE channel technology can guarantee ultra-high network reliability. By extending OAM, FlexE Channel provides with the FlexE channel-layer protection, greatly improving the reliability of customer service transport. In case of a fault, the protection switching can be completed within 1ms, enabling the entire network to reach the 99.9999% industry-level reliability.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Fourth, the FlexE channel technology supports FlexE-based flexible network slicing. By virtue of the end-to-end slicing based on FlexE and FlexE Channel, the network features both TDM-like exclusive bandwidth and physical isolation while supporting Ethernet statistical multiplexing. Therefore, it allows slice forwarding separation, management separation, fault separation and protocol separation, ensuring the deployment of 5G differentiated services.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">"Operators must address many challenges to meet the unique demands of coming 5G application scenarios, and the transport network will be essential to the large-scale 5G deployments. As a viable 5G transport solution, FlexE is gaining interest and attention of operators, and the new FlexE time-slot cross-connection technology is likely to be an efficient solution for hard network slicing," said <span class="gmail-xn-person" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sterling Perrin</span>, Principal Analyst of Heavy Reading.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">By proposing a layered network architecture based on FlexE, ZTE lays a solid foundation for the research of 5G transport technology standards. The architecture has been widely recognized by the industry, making a significant contribution to ITU-T G.mtn. Moreover, ZTE's 5G Flexhaul solution has been verified by several operators in <span class="gmail-xn-location" style="box-sizing: border-box;">China</span>, <span class="gmail-xn-location" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Spain</span> and other countries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The following is the link to access the full white paper "Meeting 5G Transport Requirements With FlexE": <br class="gmail-dnr" style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><a href="http://www.heavyreading.com/lg_landing.asp?piddl_lgid_docid=228757" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0 , 131 , 126);" target="_blank">http://www.heavyreading.com/lg_landing.asp?piddl_lgid_docid=228757</a></span></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-62929427744746411102019-01-15T21:38:00.002-08:002019-01-15T21:38:35.108-08:00Will 6G Explore Quantum Communication?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img alt="Image result for quantum entanglement" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">#Quantum #physics is entering into #computing and #communication technolgies and future is deemed to be dominated by it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">At #CES19 , #Boingo CTO Mr #DerekPeterson emphasized on Quantum communication for next gen technology like 6G ( as per RCRWireless). Industry is focusing on quantum computing, but there were always many paradoxical issues around quantum physics since the inceptions, now days the concepts under discussion are quantum superposition and quantum entanglement.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In normal view both are magical things, and under the purview of both concepts, if i give you a quantum computer, will you be willing to use it for your business? as there would be a mirror of that running somewhere else too. That is quantum entanglement, i.e. what ever play you run on your computer, there is same available to other in non causal imprints (i.e. no chance of error).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Second thing the quantum communication have no media. As two separate entities, however distant they are, actually One. It means if you find one (or bring out one out of quantum superposition) you already found other, means it preclude all aspects of being found again for other (non causal), as it has oneness with one and only has an opposite face (only way to apply causality is to see them with oneness).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This all seems to be paradoxical to current standards and concepts of communication and computing, as computing is about causality and communication is transmission of information, a medium for causality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This causality comes with quantum superposition collapse to certain state, where quantum computing will maintain it, but if communication is based on quantum entanglement causality principle not hold, and to hold it theories of 'hidden variable' kind appears, i.e. no media but hidden information for causality that goes along with the entanglement.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Einstein was adamant on causality and supported 'hidden variables' theories, also goes further that quantum theory in itself is incomplete.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">its not my area to address this subject here, but as per my little understanding, quantum communication (being of entanglement) is not a communication at all, no media therefore no media synchronization, same clock at both end, no error of data, no re-transmission, no acknowledgement. The speed of transmission is speed of computation.</span></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-21548409592582132882019-01-13T06:22:00.001-08:002019-01-13T06:22:32.226-08:00Verizon meticulous stand on 5G. A write up from its CTO Mr Kyle malady<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1tPhnuFg9JktDJoCGbeCcreQQPjMQzttWkAKmbTbFdmXsgJbea7-Wk-1bYOsEGL5PkXSkihkUP_VzKVmxep2AcU8Y6-RydEgr7sx9xarWswxKkjCe_Iv-BhvrJo0Jl8yVWsIiHJ7k1U4/s1600/image-752248.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1tPhnuFg9JktDJoCGbeCcreQQPjMQzttWkAKmbTbFdmXsgJbea7-Wk-1bYOsEGL5PkXSkihkUP_VzKVmxep2AcU8Y6-RydEgr7sx9xarWswxKkjCe_Iv-BhvrJo0Jl8yVWsIiHJ7k1U4/s320/image-752248.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6645986662363725810" /></a><br></div><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px"><br></p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px"><span class="gmail-title-cap" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:4rem;margin-right:0.3125rem;float:left;font-family:display-medium-65;line-height:0.5">E</span>verything is about to change. Breakthroughs in connectivity, artificial intelligence, robotics, <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/arvizio-shows-how-5g-can-expand-capabilities-mixed-reality-enterprises" target="_self" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/chalktalk--using-5g-and-ar-enhance-learning-experience" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-5g-fuels-imaginations-indy-500-fans" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">autonomous vehicles</a>, wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT) will all impact our lives in ways we can't imagine. Underpinning these technological advancements is 5G.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px">The potential for 5G is awesome, but the potential to over-hype and under-deliver on the 5G promise is a temptation that the wireless industry must resist. If network providers, equipment manufacturers, handset makers, app developers and others in the wireless ecosystem engage in behavior designed to purposefully confuse consumers, public officials and the investment community about what 5G really is, we risk alienating the very people we want most to join in developing and harnessing this exciting new technology.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px">That's why we're calling on the broad wireless industry to commit to labeling something 5G only<span style="box-sizing:border-box;font-family:display-medium-65"> if new device hardware</span> is connecting to the network using <span style="box-sizing:border-box;font-family:display-medium-65">new radio technology</span> to deliver <span style="box-sizing:border-box;font-family:display-medium-65">new capabilities.</span> Verizon is making this commitment today: We won't take an old phone and just change the software to turn the 4 in the status bar into a 5. We will not call our 4G network a 5G network if customers don't experience a performance or capability upgrade that only 5G can deliver.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px">Doing so would break an enduring and simple promise we've made to our customers: That each new wireless generation makes new things possible.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px">It is this belief that led us to bring together key device, chip and network equipment manufacturing partners to create the 5G Technology Forum with the goal of developing global 5G standards more quickly. The result was a commercial 5G offering a full two years ahead of original estimates. It's why we committed to build the first <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/theres-5g-then-theres-verizon-5g-ultra-wideband" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">5G Ultra Wideband</a> network. It is the reason we opened <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/growing-5g-ecosystem--verizon-expands-5g-labs-new-locations-east-and-west-coasts" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">5G Labs</a> to support <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/briefcam-learning-how-5g-can-bring-out-detail-high-definition-video" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">entrepreneurs</a> and <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/5g-lab-simulating-interaction-between-physical-therapist-and-patient" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">innovators</a> as they build the 5G applications that will change how we live, work and play. And it's the motivating factor behind our sponsorship of 5G development challenges focused on <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-innovative-learning-launches-first-ever-5g-edtech-challenge-calling-solutions" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">education</a>, <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/new-verizon-5g-lab-will-drive-development-5g-use-cases-public-safety" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">public safety</a>, <a href="https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-and-masstlc-challenge-local-robotics-developers-show-us-what-you-can-do-5g" style="box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent;color:black">robotics</a> and other critical areas where 5G can impact lives today and tomorrow.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.5rem;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px">We lead by example. And we challenge our competitors, vendors and partners to join us. People need a clear, consistent and simple understanding of 5G so they are able to compare services, plans and products, without having to maneuver through marketing double-speak or technical specifications.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:roman-text-55;font-size:14px"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;letter-spacing:0.0125rem;font-size:0.875rem">Our industry knows 5G will change the world. Let's uphold that promise, while maintaining our integrity. The success of the 5G technological revolution must be measured in truth and fact, not marketing hype.</span></p></div></div></div></div> Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7361021215130784171.post-52883096458580387662018-12-19T20:51:00.001-08:002018-12-20T08:18:41.689-08:003GPP focusing on NR-U Stand Alone and Assisted - Target Rel 17-18<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We seen 3GPP attempts to ride on unlicensed horse with LTE-U, that later tuned into LAA ( a licensed assisted mechanism), with LTE advanced capabilities. An we are continuously observing the cellular technology providers trying to tame the this horse in their favor - the unlicensed. There had been a hostile atmosphere for WiFi and LTE coexistence between WiFi Alliance and GSMA, and we seen rude debated for standardizing respective test cases. I don't remember where the things standing now. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">But WiFi has maintained its solid sovereignty and emerged with its new versions recently named as WiFi 6, in such a capacity that many started assuming WiFi being a part of 5G itself, though we all know its ride on different horse. </span><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Taming this unlicensed is turning into an obsession, as WiFi with its advancement and likability may cover up a significant market in broadband space and IOT use cases. 3GPP don't want to brook it, in fact cellular technology provider knows about the ride of it so putting the new rider like NR-U SA, targeted to be in Rel 17 and 18. </span><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In a </span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">plenary meeting in Sorrento, Italy, 3GPP members approved making 5G NR-U a work item slated for inclusion in Release 16.</span></span></span></span><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="highlight"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Look at the </span></span></span><a href="https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2018/12/13/3gpp-commits-5g-nr-unlicensed-spectrum-its-next-release" target="_blank"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Blog</span></span></span></a><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> from Qualcomm, what is says in general about NR-U.</span></span></span></span><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Licensed spectrum is essential for cellular communication and that will continue in the 5G era especially for the traditional mobile broadband services launching next year. But when it comes to extending 5G into new markets, I think the opportunities generated by adding support for unlicensed spectrum cannot be overstated.</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The NR-U work item that was just approved by 3GPP supports both the existing 5GHz unlicensed band as well as the new "greenfield" 6GHz unlicensed band. In subsequent releases, I expect the addition of other unlicensed and shared spectrum bands, including mmWave. The work item covers five scenarios with functionalities such as Carrier Aggregation (within one eNodeB), dual connectivity (across two eNodeBs), LTE anchor in licensed spectrum, 5G NR anchor in licensed spectrum, uplink only in licensed spectrum, downlink only in unlicensed spectrum as well as stand-alone operation. For the purpose of simplicity, I am collapsing these scenarios into two main modes of operation:</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<li class="align-left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Licensed assisted access NR-U</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="size"><span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></li>
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<span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Qualcomm has been not very explicit to say it as counterfeit for WiFi but putting it as answer to LTE multifire. </span><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="colour" style="color: black;"><span class="font" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">whatever way you take your target is well understood. But it will be leading to an interesting spree of events, debates and discussions. </span></span></div>
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Fundarc-Commhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15351114950196721971noreply@blogger.com0