5G is most buzzing term in telecom industry since a couple of years now. As an technologies its going to be a enabler of many things that's going to affect the economies to far larger extent.
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White paper vindictively stress on convergence for 5G step wise growth and strategical adoption. Convergence, not only aggregation at acce...
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5G will eventually require a fully virtualized, software-controlled network in order to automate the complexity of network manageme...
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In this article, we address a critical gap within the existing literature by offering a dedicated treatment of the 3GPP Release-18 study o...
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Channel-State Information -Reference Signal channel state information, is very important for improving the overall performance of the wirele...
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"Next generation" capabilities have been achieved by all products in the enterprise network firewall market, and v...
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Amidst the much hype of 5G and intense attempts to thwarts the challenges around and gain the leads, there are interesting insights t...
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Fundarc Communication ( www.xgnlab.com ) has been in thought leadership and pursuing its consultancy support for 5G evolution. It has advoc...
Sunday 27 January 2019
5G - Could it be a platform of dominance for years and change the strategic games?
5G is most buzzing term in telecom industry since a couple of years now. As an technologies its going to be a enabler of many things that's going to affect the economies to far larger extent.
Thursday 24 January 2019
Tuesday 22 January 2019
Fantastic Article on 5G from CTO for North America, Nokia Corp. Source : LightReading
Taxes, death and mobile data growth are three things that will continue until the end of time. There are a lot of forecasts on the latter, but let's keep the mathematics simple and say demand is growing at 50% compounded annually in dense urban centers -- the only places we're really concerned about. So, the question then is, how can operators build networks to meet that demand?
There are a few ways. The first is by using existing spectrum more efficiently. The second is by using new spectrum. The third is through densification.
Let's take a look at LTE.
In LTE, the last great efficiency push comes from an antenna technology called massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output). Deployment has already started, but we expect gains in throughput and capacity to come mainly in 2020 and beyond.
In terms of new spectrum, three of the top four operators in the US will have no new licensed LTE spectrum from 2017-2020! Only T-Mobile US Inc. can draw on new 600MHz purchased in 2017. However, there are other options. Shared CBRS (3.5GHz GAA) should be available in 2019 and unlicensed 5GHz (WiFi spectrum) is now an option through the use of Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) technology.
Densification, the third capacity technique, unfortunately can result in unwanted interference if applied more so than has already been done in the same frequencies, and so we expect its use to be limited.
So, what does all this mean? From our forecasts, we see LTE hitting a wall. The wall appears around 2022 or so and shifts a year in or a year out depending on one's assumptions; but LTE exhaustion is definitely coming. And while one's natural reaction is that 5G will solve global hunger, unfortunately, there won't be enough 5G mobile phones available to eat data capacity in a significant way until about 2023.
This is illustrated below, where the brown "User Demand" line represents an approximate 50% growth curve and the blue "LTE Capacity" line represents the actual capacity of an LTE network to service that demand (after massive MIMO has been applied). Assuming some headroom will be planned, we can see difficulties starting about 2022 unless 5G is ready and waiting to take over.
From the above, were 5G to be deployed in a timely fashion, all would be OK; however, there is not a lot of time. To meet forthcoming demand, we need to get started now, because getting a new technology in the right places at the right time with the requisite capacity-handling capability is no small task: Think in terms of years of preparation, not months. In fact, if we simulate using all the tools mentioned previously, we end up with the following forecast, where the black parts of the histogram represent what 5G would need to supply to avert congestion and, thus, a degraded user experience.
However, there is another dirty secret in the closet. The rule of thumb for capacity, as embedded in the 3GPP channel models, is that 80% of traffic originates indoors and 20% outdoors. Compounding that, there is a seasonal aspect to traffic. During the cold winter months in the north, there is even less traffic outdoors (likewise, in the hot summer months in the south). With LTE, indoor traffic is primarily served by outdoor cell sites, booming signals through walls and windows. This begs the question: What happens when 5G needs to handle that indoor traffic?
In the US, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is planning to auction off Millimeter Wave (mmWave) (24GHz, 28GHz and 39GHz) spectrum over the next two years. But mmWave doesn't like hard things such as walls, windows and trees. Penetration loss is significant. This means 5G mmWave, practically, will not really be able to service indoor demand from outdoors-in (unlike low band LTE). (For completeness, we should note that T-Mobile US Inc.'s 600MHz spectrum and Sprint Corp. (NYSE: S) Band 41 spectrum (2.5GHz) can help in this situation to a degree. However, the number of petabytes needed is very significant, and it is unlikely these solutions alone will suffice.)
So where does this leave us? There are only two options. The first is to use low or mid-band spectrum outdoors, and blast indoors; the outside-in approach. But in the dense urban case, we are already using that spectrum! So, the only real alternative is new mid-band spectrum. For the moment, none is in sight in the US until about 2020+ when the 3.7-4.2GHz band -- or parts of it -- become available. The other is to deploy mmWave indoors. The problem with going indoors versus using the outdoors-in approach is that everyone wants to get inside. Imagine Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and all the others showing up at your building and wanting to deploy 5G mmWave inside every room. Perhaps neutral hosting solutions may help.
Before we finish, let's dismiss one counter argument. Some will say, "But WiFi will fix that." WiFi, however, has its own growth problems, thank you very much. WiFi demand is also growing, at least at 30% or more, and it too has looming capacity issues, with no significant new spectrum becoming available either.
Cellular demand, meanwhile, is separate, independent and additive. So, there is no getting around it. 5G needs to go and bang on some front doors.
Now, LTE has many good years left, with a few tricks up its sleeve, but it is aging as a technology and as we all know, it gets harder to run new races as you get old. 5G is the upstart and needs to be deployed quickly to help take over the baton from LTE. But in doing so, it needs to take it over not only outside, but also inside, and knock-knock on some friendly doors.
— Mike Murphy, CTO for North America, Nokia Corp. (NYSE: NOK)
5G Rationales and Strategic Insights - just to fathom emerging 5G in a perspective.
White paper vindictively stress on convergence for 5G step wise growth and strategical adoption. Convergence, not only aggregation at access but a holistic approach and ONAP going to be the platform to make it a success. ONAP is being joined by almost all the major operators now.
Interestingly we released the paper at beginning of year 2018 with name '5G in apprehension - beginning of new era' and later rectified it with some 5G deployment cases and emerging strategies.
It becomes more relevant today as AT&T discloses it's 5G strategy, why read the paper below for that -
Don't we need to re-write this paper - Operator must transform to deepen entry into the digital ecosystem.
Friday 18 January 2019
AT&T's backed Akraino project going to provide open source for Edge cloud
Why India should not go with the global wind of shortcoming with Chinese vendors like Huawei and ZTE.
Amidst the much hype of 5G and intense attempts to thwarts the challenges around and gain the leads, there are interesting insights to be watched and allude for.
I took some in context of Indian turmoil to include Huawei and ZTE in its 5G test bed plan.
There are few industry cues to go with Huawei on 5G, or in general for Chinese vendors.
Tuesday 15 January 2019
ZTE FlexE : single-hop device forwarding latency is less than 0.5 microseconds and the jitter is less than 30 nanoseconds, with 69 reliability laying a foundation for ultra-low-latency service transport.
http://www.heavyreading.com/lg_landing.asp?piddl_lgid_docid=228757
Will 6G Explore Quantum Communication?
Sunday 13 January 2019
Verizon meticulous stand on 5G. A write up from its CTO Mr Kyle malady
Everything is about to change. Breakthroughs in connectivity, artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual reality, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT) will all impact our lives in ways we can't imagine. Underpinning these technological advancements is 5G.
The potential for 5G is awesome, but the potential to over-hype and under-deliver on the 5G promise is a temptation that the wireless industry must resist. If network providers, equipment manufacturers, handset makers, app developers and others in the wireless ecosystem engage in behavior designed to purposefully confuse consumers, public officials and the investment community about what 5G really is, we risk alienating the very people we want most to join in developing and harnessing this exciting new technology.
That's why we're calling on the broad wireless industry to commit to labeling something 5G only if new device hardware is connecting to the network using new radio technology to deliver new capabilities. Verizon is making this commitment today: We won't take an old phone and just change the software to turn the 4 in the status bar into a 5. We will not call our 4G network a 5G network if customers don't experience a performance or capability upgrade that only 5G can deliver.
Doing so would break an enduring and simple promise we've made to our customers: That each new wireless generation makes new things possible.
It is this belief that led us to bring together key device, chip and network equipment manufacturing partners to create the 5G Technology Forum with the goal of developing global 5G standards more quickly. The result was a commercial 5G offering a full two years ahead of original estimates. It's why we committed to build the first 5G Ultra Wideband network. It is the reason we opened 5G Labs to support entrepreneurs and innovators as they build the 5G applications that will change how we live, work and play. And it's the motivating factor behind our sponsorship of 5G development challenges focused on education, public safety, robotics and other critical areas where 5G can impact lives today and tomorrow.
We lead by example. And we challenge our competitors, vendors and partners to join us. People need a clear, consistent and simple understanding of 5G so they are able to compare services, plans and products, without having to maneuver through marketing double-speak or technical specifications.
Our industry knows 5G will change the world. Let's uphold that promise, while maintaining our integrity. The success of the 5G technological revolution must be measured in truth and fact, not marketing hype.